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When learning a new language it becomes important not only to know how to use it but also to comprehend how others can and do use it. There are four basic skills required to speak any language: receptive skills - Listening and reading and productive skills – speaking and writing. Listening is essential because it gives the ability to understand what others say. Unlike what people might think, listening is a complex process in which many things happen simultaneously inside the mind. The other receptive skill is reading. Where eye and brain interpret any written message. Literacy requires knowledge of the language mechanisms first. Other specialist skills are required to reach comprehension when reading or listening: referencing, predicting, inferencing, use of background knowledge and basic knowledge of the language (grammar and vocabulary). In order to get students attention some approaches need to be adopted: - Pre-teaching vocabulary – by teaching the students the essential vocabulary prior to reading or listening a text will remove some of possible difficulties - Careful selection of texts and authenticity – the more students listen and read, the more knowledge they acquire. However in order to keep students motivated it is important to expose them to: o texts that are specifically made for language learners (non-authentic texts) where the language is more suited to them; o and authentic texts where students can gain confidence in their knowledge.
