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In this unit, the future tenses are covered. The seven most common are as follows: the future simple, future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous, be going+infinitive, the present simple, and the present continuous. First, the future simple indicates actions in the future. The form is as follows: (+) sub + will + verb (base form), (-) sub + will + not + verb, and (?) Will +sub + verb?. The usage of this tense are as follows: -spontaneous decisions “I’ll go with you.” -predictions without evidence “It’ll rain tomorrow.” -future facts “I’ll be 21 next years.” -promises / threats “I’ll love you forever.” In the classroom, teachers can use horoscopes, fortune telling, wedding vows as teaching ideas. Second, Future continuous is used to indicate an action in progress at a particular time in the future. The forms are ‘sub+ will +be + ing, sub + will +not+ be -ing, will +sub+be -ing?”. This tense is used as follows: -actions in progress at a future time “i’ll be having lunch at 2:00pm.” -predict the present “i think john will be having lunch now.” -polite enquiries (without influence) “will you be coming to the party?” . Third, future perfect is used to talk about an action in the future that will be completed by a point in the future. The forms are ‘sub+ will + have + p.p’, ‘sub+ will not p.p’, and ‘Will +sub+ have +p.p?”. The usage is actions that will be completed before a future time “I will have finished this course by the end of the year.” Next, future perfect continuous is used to talk about how long an action had been taking place up until a certain point in the future. The form is ‘ will + have +been + verb-ing”. This tense is used to say how long an action will have been happening by a point in the future. “By the end of the this, I’ll have been living in London for 10 years.” Teachers can use ‘survey’ technique as teaching ideas, like ‘who will have been doing something for’. For example, “how long will you have been learning English for by the end of the year?” ‘The longest… or the shortest…’. There are other tenses for expressing the future. ‘GOING TO’ FUTURE can be used as future plans/intentions (decided upon before speaking) like “they are going to watch a film.” and predictions (based on evidence “it’s going to rain.” In the classroom, weather forecast / planning a party/holiday games can be used, “I’m going to have a Halloween party…”. PRESENT SIMPLE can be used as future form when saying ‘time tables’ and ‘schedules’ like“the train leaves at 6 pm.” PRESENT CONTINUOUS can be also used as future arrangements like “we’re playing football on Saturday.” There is the important thing when using future simple tense and going future tense. Future simple is used as spontaneous decision, which refers to decisions at the time of speaking whereas going future tense has to be planned decisions, which means decisions are made before the time of speaking.
